The American Immigration Council sums it up this way: “Proponents of harsh voter laws often assert, without a shred of hard evidence, that hordes of immigrants are swaying election results by wheedling their way into the voting booth. However, repeated investigations over the years have found no indication that systematic vote fraud by non-citizens is anything other than the product of overactive imaginations.”

Unpacking Myths About Noncitizen Voting — How Heritage Foundation’s Own Data Proves It’s Not a Problem

https://immigrationimpact.com/2024/08/01/myths-about-noncitizen-voting-heritage-foundation-data/

“However, a close examination of the evidence put forward by proponents of these strict limitations on voting shows just how extraordinarily rare noncitizen voting truly is—and how there is no burning need to impose new restrictions on access to voting.”

“The conservative Heritage Foundation has campaigned hard against “voter fraud.” It proudly championed legislation passed by the House in July which would mandate the use of photo ID for all voter registration. Importantly, it also maintains a database of 1,546 “proven instances of voter fraud,” where Heritage researchers have collected criminal cases which have been brought against people who have committed some kind of electoral fraud, either registering to vote or voting when ineligible. It’s this database—created and maintained by Heritage itself—that helps reveal how there is no crisis of noncitizen voting.”

Chicken Little in the Voting Booth: The Non-Existent Problem of Non-Citizen Voter Fraud

https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/chicken-little-voting-booth-non-existent-problem-non-citizen-voter-fraud

“The Brennan Center succinctly summarizes this point in a 2006 fact sheet: ‘Each act of voter fraud risks five years in prison and a $10,000 fine—but yields at most one incremental vote. The single vote is simply not worth the price. Because voter fraud is essentially irrational, it is not surprising that no credible evidence suggests a voter fraud epidemic.’”

“An October 18, 2010, story in the National Journal points out that “a five-year investigation by the Bush Justice Department…turned up virtually no evidence of widespread voter fraud.” Nevertheless, anti-immigrant activists are fond of pretending that fraudulent voting by non-citizens is a national epidemic.”

Here is a great review of stats and analysis that have been conducted on the issue.

“Analysis: Noncitizen Voting is Vanishingly Rare: ‘For years, the Brennan Center has collected research showing that voter fraud is extraordinarily rare. We elaborate on one subset of voter fraud claims – the allegation that ineligible noncitizens are voting in large numbers.’”

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/analysis-noncitizen-voting-vanishingly-rare

The Myth of Voter Fraud: “Extensive research reveals that fraud is very rare. Yet repeated, false allegations of fraud can make it harder for millions of eligible Americans to participate in elections.”

https://www.brennancenter.org/issues/ensure-every-american-can-vote/vote-suppression/myth-voter-fraud

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/debunking-voter-fraud-myth

https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/analysis/Briefing_Memo_Debunking_Voter_Fraud_Myth.pdf

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/truth-about-voter-fraud

Thorough investigation of non-citizen voter fraud claims in the 2016 election

https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/noncitizen-voting-missing-millions

“Don’t Let the Illegals Vote!”: The Myths of Illegal Latino Voters and Voter Fraud in Contested Local Immigrant Integration

Robert Courtney Smith RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, Undocumented Immigrants and Their Experience with Illegality (July 2017), pp. 148-175 (28 pages)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2017.3.4.09?searchText=%22immigrant%22+AND+%22voter+fraud%22&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522immigrant%2522%2BAND%2B%2522voter%2Bfraud%2522%26utm_source%3Dgoogle%26so%3Drel%26efqs%3DeyJjdHkiOlsiYW05MWNtNWhiQT09Il19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_phrase_search%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Acf49326d7aefd4ec3b673cae743a352e

The Effect of Conspiratorial Thinking and Motivated Reasoning on Belief in Election Fraud. Jack Edelson, Alexander Alduncin, Christopher Krewson, James A. Sieja and Joseph E. Uscinski Political Research Quarterly Vol. 70, No. 4 (DECEMBER 2017), pp. 933-946 (14 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26384827?searchText=%22immigrant%22%20AND%20%22voter%20fraud%22&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522immigrant%2522%2BAND%2B%2522voter%2Bfraud%2522%26utm_source%3Dgoogle%26so%3Drel%26efqs%3DeyJjdHkiOlsiYW05MWNtNWhiQT09Il19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_phrase_search%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Acf49326d7aefd4ec3b673cae743a352e

This article uses data to show how strict voter id laws, related to trumped up fear mongering around ‘voter fraud’, restricts access to the polls for all minorities, and skews elections to the political right. Voter Identification Laws and the Suppression of Minority Votes. Zoltan Hajnal, Nazita Lajevardi and Lindsay Nielson. The Journal of Politics Vol. 79, No. 2 (April 2017), pp. 363-379, 742 (18 pages) Published By: The University of Chicago Press.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26550999?searchText=%22immigrant%22%20AND%20%22voter%20fraud%22&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522immigrant%2522%2BAND%2B%2522voter%2Bfraud%2522%26utm_source%3Dgoogle%26so%3Drel%26efqs%3DeyJjdHkiOlsiYW05MWNtNWhiQT09Il19%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydCI6MjUsInRvdGFsIjoxMzN9%26groupefq%3DWyJjb250cmlidXRlZF92aWRlbyIsInJldmlldyIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX2F1ZGlvIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Iiwic2VhcmNoX2FydGljbGUiLCJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCJd&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_phrase_search%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4da91fc797bd40b7308b62ede0958ab0

An exploration of Donald Trump's allegations of massive voter fraud in the 2016 General Election

“As Republican candidate for president and later 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump has claimed repeatedly and vociferously that the 2016 General Election was tainted by massive voter fraud. Here we use aggregate election statistics to study Trump's claims and focus on non-citizen populations across the country, state-specific allegations directed at California, New Hampshire, and Virginia, and the timing of election results. Consistent with existing literature, we do not uncover any evidence supportive of Trump's assertions about systematic voter fraud in 2016. Our results imply neither that there was no fraud at all in the 2016 General Election nor that this election's administration was error-free. They do strongly suggest, however, that the expansive voter fraud concerns espoused by Donald Trump and those allied with him are not grounded in any observable features of the 2016 election.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026137941730166X

The Right’s Bogus Claims about Noncitizen Voting Fraud: Trump, Musk, and Vance’s baseless accusations undermine public confidence in American elections and are dangerous.

https://www.cato.org/commentary/rights-bogus-claims-about-noncitizen-voting-fraud

Federal data does not show a soaring number of unauthorized migrants registering to vote

https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-migrants-voter-registration-skyrocketing-905290261987

Four Things to Know about Noncitizen Voting

https://bipartisanpolicy.org/blog/four-things-to-know-about-noncitizen-voting/